The standard goggles that they sell for FPV flying work that way, yes. You have one camera and the image is delivered to two screens in the googles, one for each eye. But since it is the same image you don't get any extra depth information.
But as Chris explained, the goggle system I want to get actually uses two cameras, so you have distinct left and right images. This gives you true 3D stereoscopic vision, just like you would normally have. Everything I've read about them suggests that they are vastly superior, particularly when it comes to depth and altitude perception. (Your brain uses the parallax between the left and right eye to derive depth information.)
Since depth perception seems to be the big stumbling block for me when flying FPV, I figure I need all the help I can get. That's why I would insist on the 3D goggles if I decide to build one of these racing quads. (I currently have a small FPV quad that just has a video screen on the controller and a single camera on the bird, and I find it quite difficult to fly that unit using the FPV screen, even though I can fly it just fine using line-of-sight.)
Adam